The Collapse Of The Subprime Mortgage Market Causing A...

The collapse of the subprime mortgage market causing a global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007, has given the concept of securitisation a bad name. Securitisation is the process of conversion of receivables and cash flow generated from a collection or pool of financial assets into the marketable securities. Any asset that generates a cash flow can be securitised, which are then sold to capital market investors. Asset securitisation is the process whereby interests in loans and receivables are packaged and sold in the form of an asset-backed security (ABS). An ABS is the bond or notes backed by some financial assets. These assets consist of receivables such as residential and commercial mortgage loans, automobile loans, and credit card financing. Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) are bonds that are backed by pools of mortgage loans. Examples include mortgage papers, house papers, and land and property papers. Thus in-turn, reflective of the underlying assets in the security are these two terms. Additionally, securitisation is a method of financing assets, to serve as the main source of payment to investors, it usually depends on cash flow generated from principle and interest repayments. Securitisation is one of the most fundamental and complex concepts in the world of finance. The non-existing industry began in the 1970s when home mortgages were pooled by U.S. government-backed agencies. Ten years later, financial institutions and businesses from all different aspects usedShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continued to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, andRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of Lehmann Brothers1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2008 financial crisis, also known as the U.S. Subprime Mortgage crisis, is considered by many economists to be the most perilous crisis faced by the modern day world economy since the 1930s Great Depression (Krugman, 2009). The collapse of Lehmann brothers, one of the world’s leading investment banks before declaring bankruptcy, in September 2008 almost took down the world’s financial system. Many factors such as U.S. Home ownership policies, consequential securitisation, irresponsible lendingRead MoreFinancial Crisis Impact On Institutions And Markets1196 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial Crisis Impact on Institutions and Markets The financial crisis, beginning in 2007, negatively impacted the stability of financial institutions and markets across the world. While there are many speculative causes of the financial crisis, dealings in subprime mortgages are considered the biggest culprit. As a result, those involved in subprime mortgages, such as lenders, investment banks, credit rating agencies and securities investors were among the first to feel the crisis’ ramificationsRead MoreFinancial Crisis And Its Effects On The World Economy1467 Words   |  6 PagesBetween the years of 2007 to 2008, the world was faced with a major financial meltdown with global market failures and economies in shambles. The emergence of subprime mortgages and the collapse of securitized derivatives led to much speculation of different causes. What was the root factor that led to the triggering of this financial crisis? This research conducts a comparative analysis of my research and beliefs on the cause of the crisis con trary to other researchers’ conclusions. It is an aim to provideRead MoreThe Success Of The Great Crash1495 Words   |  6 Pagesuntil the market failure makes its way into the economy in 2008. The period was known as the Great Crash where combination of several failures in the economy contributed to the collapse. The Great Crash Real estate had significantly grown in popularity because as it is considered as a good consumption as well as investment (Malpezzi, 1990). Financial institutions start to offer easy credit to many, including the non-credit worthy ones, mainly the underprivileged. 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I will also discuss about how the banks were at fault for giving out loans to individuals who were not capable of affording to pay these loans back and all financial institutions that should have had regulations on the loans that were dispensed as well. Though, the collapse with the financial institutionsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. The 2008 economic crisis rocked the global economy for the worst, and to this day the United States is trying to recover from the impact that the crisis had. In order to understand why exactly the banks failed people have to understand the subprime mortgage crisisRead MoreExchange Rate Fluctuation Factors On Currency1272 Words   |  6 Pagesof 2007 had a strong impact on foreign currency exchange rates causing a weakening of the USD against foreign currency (USForex, 2015). The economic factors causing the recession resulted in a loss of 8.8 million jobs, a housing market collapse, and ultimately in the weakening of USD value in foreign currency exchange rates. Additionally, political factors such as deregulation and the banking crisis resulting in a lending collapse also contributed to the weakened state of United States (US) currencyRead MoreLehman Brothers Subprime Crisis1939 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The global financial crisis that erupted in September 2008 has thrown economies around the world into a recession. The root cause were sown in the credit boom that peaked in mid-2007, followed by the meltdown of sub-prime mortgages and securitized products. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were both taken over by the government and on September 24, 2008, Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy after failing to find a buyer. The fall of Lehman Brothers rattled the global market and led to a great

Gun Control And The Rights Of A Free State - 1462 Words

â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed,† many will recognize this as the 2nd second, however, few will know the true purpose for why it was written. The intent of the amendment was to allow the general populace to own personal firearms without restriction, so that, in the case of a government takeover or attack on their well being, they would be able to defend themselves. Regrettably, this has largely been forgotten. A vast majority of the left now believes that the 2nd amendment is just an excuse for conservatives to play with dangerous toys. They look at all of the gun violence and think that the cause is the right to own firearms, so their solution is to either restrict it or repeal it all together. Countries such as Australia, Japan, and England give them their reasoning for strict gun control. Advocates conclude that if America implements the same harsh gun regu lations of these countries, then our gun violence rates will reflect theirs. This is not the case at all, but it makes sense, if it works there, then why wouldn’t it work here? Repealing the 2nd amendment would go directly against the wishes of the founding fathers, and be nearly impossible because the gun community still has great deal of support. Therefore, they have to restrict it; always with the intent of making it so hard for someone to own a gun, that no one will. In light of this, gun rightsShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1149 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control Multiple news outlets reported the same number over and over. 74. This is the general estimated number of mass school shootings that have occurred since the massacre at Newton’s Sandyhook Elementary School on December 14, 2012. The Newton massacre once again had a nation grieving for loss of innocent lives in such tragic ways and once again the issue of gun control went to the front of the nation’s agenda. American history shows a fascination with gunfighters and the Old West mentalityRead MoreGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1632 Words   |  7 Pages A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution). As Americans we are afforded certain rights that are upheld by the United States constitution, and many citizens believe these rights to be part of our nation’s heritage, or the â€Å"birthright† as Americans. Conversely there are those which are opposed to some of these â€Å"birthrights† which were added toRead MoreGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1195 Words   |  5 PagesCameron Rose Mrs. Rose P.5 Gun Control, Research Paper 25 February 2016 â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Bill of Rights, 1791). As said by our founding fathers, over two centuries ago, the right to own guns will not be taken away. However recently, there has been a push for a ban on guns, due to the increase in school shootings, homicides, and suicides over the years. Because of thisRead MoreThe Debate Over Gun Control1210 Words   |  5 Pagesnot be involved in gun control. The second amendment to the United state s constitution says A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Is this not enough can the bill of rights say this anymore clear. Many might state that the way this statement is worded is the point of debate and it should be interpreted differently. This is the root of all the hot debate over gun control. Does the constitutionRead MoreGun Control Is Not The Solution982 Words   |  4 PagesFurther Gun Control is not the Solution Lately, as a nation, it seems that we can’t progress more than a month without hearing an incident on national news concerning a shooting. Every shooting that occurs is gaining the national media spotlight. This is prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws is not the solution. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringingRead MoreGun Control : Argumentative Essay Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages100 3 November, 2014 Gun Control: Argumentative Essay The gun control debate is a good example that justifies the common known mantra that history will always repeat itself. Gun control is a regulation put forward with an aim of managing the purchase and ownership of firearms with the main aim being to reduce the criminal and unsafe use of firearms. The gun control measures involve strategies such as registration of firearms aimed at restricting the ownership of guns by people proved to beRead MoreDefining New Gun Laws Are Not The Answer996 Words   |  4 Pagesis prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws are not the answer. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringing on their second amendment right of the United States Constitution, which states: â€Å"a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The second amendmentRead MoreThe Problem Of Gun Violence1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthink. The media is trying to push gun control on anyone that will tune in or read it. The media will all say the same thing, and the problem is gun violence. What if one removes the word gun from gun violence, that still leaves violence. Before one can decide which side to support, the information should be completely researched for important, specific information about how America will be affected, and what the cost are for the people protecting their rights. In 1776, Americans feared excessiveRead MoreGun Control Is The Government Regulation Of The Sale And Ownership Of Firearms1660 Words   |  7 Pages3 DC Gun Control Gun control is the â€Å"government regulation of the sale and ownership of firearms.† (Dictionary.com). In D.C., handguns, rifles, shotguns, and revolvers may be registered. Sawed-off shotguns, machine guns, short barreled rifles, unsafe handguns, assault weapons, and .50 caliber rifles are all prohibited in D.C., meaning that there is no possible way to own them. (DC.gov, 2014). A single person may only register one handgun every 30 days unless the gun was owned in another state. CommonlyRead MoreGun Control And The United States889 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is a big thing in the world today. Many Americans want it but also many don’t. There are both good reasoning’s and there are bad reasoning’s. Gun control is for our own safety but can also take our safe feelings away by knowing we won’t have a gun in hand to protect us in a real time of need. The second Amendment is commonly used when trying to set up the restrictions and rules of thes e gun control laws. There are a lot of regulations being set up and still are being made to â€Å"keep us

Resistance to Change Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Resistance to Change. Answer: Resistance to change at a workplace is a normal phenomenon that takes place in every organization. It generally occurs because of bad decision made by the management. In the era of changing external business environment, Resistance to change is an inevitable exercise practiced by the employees. Acceptance of changes in an organization is tough for the employees. One of the most common problems faced by the business is employee resistance to change (Armenakis and Harris, 2009). The resistance to change generally takes place in different ways that constantly affect the organization. It takes in number of ways like an increase in employee turnover, constant argument, resentment, slowdown strikes etc. These changes are affecting the organization on a long run affecting the process of growth. It is tough for the organizations to implement a change. These are important ways for claiming the amount of changes taking place in the business environment. Furthermore, the organizations have a fe ar of meeting the output due to difference in transformation and its management techniques. The organization is failing to meet the expectations of people working in an organization (Arnold, 2015). This is in contrast with the organization and its purpose of getting things done. Resistance to change occurs due to the change. Change is the basic necessity in an organization in order to get things done. It is a usual activity that causes dilemma in attaining the vision of the organization. Due to this, employees tend to adhere to the existing business atmosphere rather than doing unidentified. Some of the employees time after time resist to the progression that can have some negative effect on the organization. All this affect the organizational output amid the employees affecting the bottom line. This bottom line in the organization is affecting the organizational growth. Changes are inevitable in nature. The purpose here is to accept the changes in order to meet the target. Any alte ration in the level of the efficiency directly affects the organizational growth on a long run (Bargal and Schmid, 2012). All These changes have a wide-ranging impact on the employee morale. An employee having a negative attitude to the change is difficult to be managed for a longer time-period. Changes are disorderly to the work environment of an organization. The process of resistance can change the overall process of managing change. Employees spending excess time focusing on resistance pay less focus on daily tasks associated with their jobs. The Changes to an organization is difficult task to gain productive results. The resistance to change create difficulty in balancing the activities (Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths, 2014). When an employee resists change, they may feel less positive and confident about their professional future with the organization. Employees should focus on managing the daily task. However it is important to understand that Change is an anticipated part of bus iness. It is tougher process for some whereas for some it is difficult. This specifically creates problem in implementing change in an organization (Boonstra, 2008). Managing resistance to change is challenging for end number of reasons. There is a necessity to manage the organization in order to gain effectiveness. Employees have realized importance of change management in an organization or want a change and resist publicly, verbally, and argumentatively. Those who are not willing to adopt the changes create a tough situation for the company. This may create a need for confrontation and conflict. Employees feel bumpy with the changes introduced and resist. This is due to their nature to accept the changes as prescribed by Lewin Kurt in the change model. It takes time to adopt the changes in accordance with the needs(Douglas,2011). Power is one of the central forces governing the organisational changes. It has become vital for the business organization to manage the changes. Power is an essential force looking after the basic necessity an individual looking after the changes in an effective way. The leaders in an organization are seen as a driving force to meet the changes(Thomas and Hardy,2011). Organizational group plays an important role in organizing research in a better way. The purpose is to see the organization as a political arrangement. There are certain level of disputes in the organization creating a need to implement an effective change management and development process. Any dispute at the time of introducing change is disruptive for the organization (Cameron and Green, 2015). There is an increase in number of political issues in the centre of the organization. This is important to understand the changes and to implement them in an effective way. The concept of new organization is to implement the changes from the beginning. It is related with redefining the process in order to gain effective results. The only purpose here is to implement the changes without any dispute. The purpose here is to manage the goals alternatively. Power has a direct impact on implementing the changes in an organization (Chao, Lee and Ling, 2012). Change is an important part in an organization irrespective of its size. The entire role here is to manage the growth in congruence with the employee and organizational interest. Changes can be in any form depending upon the organizational needs. It is tougher for the business organization to manage the changes in case excess resistance. These changes directly affect the morale of the employees; it is the duty of the employer to create a sense of security in the mind of the employees. For the reason, the manager has to indulge himself at the time of implementing change. It is the duty of the manager to look after the interest of each and every employee (Ch ao, Lee and Ling, 2012). It is important to notice that the problem arises due to lack of communication in between the employees and the management. This directly affects the morale of the employees and creates issue with both the recruitment and retention process. Thus, in order to gain competencies, it is important to manage the changes on daily basis. All This has a direct impact on the daily efficiency and output of the employees (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). It has a potential to reduce the level of competence unswervingly affecting the organizational growth and management. It is important to find out a way to spend time focusing on factors contributing in resisting the changes taking place in the workplace. In case of introducing a change, the employees become less focused on daily tasks connected with their jobs. It is moreover difficult to coordinate changes due to concentration of power in the hand of few. This creates difficulty in meeting the results in order to gain product ive results. These Changes are difficult for the individual in order to develop effectiveness (Hayes, 2014). Employees not in favour tend to create a negative atmosphere in the employees. There is a continuous unrest among employees. However at times, the change is implemented smoothly without any unrest among employees. The problem only arises when any group in an organization is against the changes. In such a situation, it is difficult to manage the changes in a better way. There are general ways to mitigate the negative effects of resistance. The changes are introduced to foster effective growth and management(Dolan and Bao,2012). By stating the problem in this way, the organization can overcome the dilemma. Change sometimes occurs under the coercion and influence the people. The organization sees a direct impact on the authority and rules in theta influence the employees. The process of Change management is taking place in different shapes bin an organization. The only purpose b ehind incorporating a change is to practice to deal in a challenging situation. The organization is failing to meet the expectations of people working in an organization. This is in contrast with the organization and its purpose of getting things done (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2010). The difficult part in an organization is to introduce change. There is no single way to implement a change in an organization. The most important part in an organization is to gain competency by implementing effective changes. This is only possible by coming up with different change management theories. These theories will help in implementing the changes in the best possible way (Jones, 2010). The change model govern By Kurt Lewin provides with information related with implementation of change in three steps. This allow the managers to coordinate the changes in a well and appropriate way. Power in such a situation is important to be managed in order to organize the situation. Any threat and punishment given to the employees creates unhappiness among the employees (Palmer, Dunford and Akin, 2009). Changes cause ineffectiveness and disrupt the functioning. In this situation, it is important to find out an effective way to resolve the problems occurring due to change. Participation is important for allocating the changes in an effective way. This exercise helps in managing the changes at a regular interval and creates problem at the time of its implementation. The role of power is important to an organization at the time of implementing a change. Power is important to influence people in the organization to adopt the change. It is an important activity to include changes in the functioning (Storey, 2007). Continuous resistance to change is disruptive for the organization. This is because of the problem that occurs due to imbalance in achieving the directed goals. The power is important to an organization in placing things in order to implement changes. These directives are important at the time of introducing changes. The primary focus here is to understand the organizational strength and weakness and implement it thereafter. Some of the employees time after time resist to the progression that can have some negative effect on the organization (Organisational development design explained .2017). Employees generally argue about an implementation of change. The proposed changes to an organization are disruptive. In order to implement changes, it is important to introduce motivational factors. These factors will help in implementing changes on a long run. Leaders have to come up with an effective strategy in order to overcome with the challenges. These are important to manage the changes in an effective way. This is important to manage the changes in the best possible way by introducing a positive technology(Erkama,2010). A leader has a responsi bility to advocate plan to put into practice in order to implement change that will benefit the organizational goals, matter, or a larger group in an ethical way. The Change management occurs at various levels linking both political and ethical considerations. It is however important to include the concern in order to introduce change in a better way. This is possible to remind the need to seek contribution and assure commitment on a regular basis. The leadership is important for an organization (Weiner, 2009.). To conclude, resistance to change requires a balance between constancy and change. It is the basic requirement of the leader to introduce the changes to generate an environment where employees are free to express thoughts. It is evident from the point of view of an organizational growth to develop a transparent process. This helps the employees in achieving the target by incorporating an effective way. The process of change management is crucial for the organization in meeting daily targets. This is important enough to organize the policies in accordance with the changes taking place in the organization. Changes are frequently implemented in a technology based companies. It is due to rapid change in the technology that makes it clear to organize the changes accordingly as per the market requirements. They have to work according to the market pace. This creates difficulty in implementing the changes. However from the point of view of an organizational growth, it is evident to implemen t changes. For the better future, it is important to manage the changes. The change management policies are important to manage the changes through an extra effort.Changes are inevitable in an organization in order to develop an effective organizational environment. Hence, for an organization it is important to manage the changes. References Armenakis, A.A. Harris, S.G., (2009). Reflections: Our journey in organizational change research practice.Journal of Change Management,9(2), pp.127-142. Arnold, P.(2015). The 5 greatest examples of change management in business history. Online. Available at: https://www.managers.org.uk/insights/news/2015/july/the-5-greatest-examples-of-change-management-in-business-history Accessed on: 3 October 2017 Bargal, D. Schmid, H., (2012).Organizational change development in human service organizations.Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. Griffiths, A., (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability.Routledge. Boonstra, J. ed.,( 2008).Dynamics of organizational change learning.John Wiley Sons. Cameron, E. Green, M.,( 2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools techniques of organizational change.Kogan Page Publishers. Chao,C., Lee,A. Ling,G(.2012). Understanding OD Its Role: A Think Piece on OrganisationDevelopment. Online Available at: https://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Pages/Understanding-OD-and-Its-Role-A-Think-Piece-on-Organisation-Development.aspx Accessed on: 3 October 2017 Cummings, T.G. Worley, C.G., (2014).Organization development change.Cengage learning. Dolan, S.L. and Bao, Y., (2012). Sharing the Culture: Embedding Storytelling and Ethics in the Culture Change Management Process.Journal of Management Change,29(1). Douglas, F., (2011). Between a rock and a hard place: career guidance practitioner resistance and the construction of professional identity.International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance,11(3), pp.163-173. Erkama, N., (2010). Power and resistance in a multinational organization: Discursive struggles over organizational restructuring.Scandinavian Journal of Management,26(2), pp.151-165. Goetsch, D.L. Davis, S.B., (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hayes, J., (2014).The theory practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Huczynski, A. Buchanan, D.A., (2010).Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Jones, G.R., (2010). Organizational theory, design, change. Organisational development design explained .(2017).Online. Available at: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/hr/services/od-explained/index.page Accessed on: 3 October 2017 Rothwell, W.J., Stavros, J.M., Sullivan, R.L. Sullivan, A. eds., (2009).Practicing organization development: A guide for leading change(Vol. 34).John Wiley Sons. Storey, J., (2007).Human resource management: A critical text. Cengage Learning EMEA. Thomas, R. and Hardy, C., (2011). Reframing resistance to organizational change.Scandinavian Journal of Management,27(3), pp.322-331. Weiner, B.J., (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change.Implementation science,4(1), p.67.

Sustainability Essay Example For Students

Sustainability Essay Modern days have a specific requirement of multi-sided development of a person who’s to be well aware of the conflicts and misfortunes which humanity is encountering. No wonder high school and college curriculums have included the subject of sustainability as a part of their global citizenship programs. Mostly, when it comes to sustainability people have an image of proper natural resources management and the proper use of fossils. Notwithstanding, sustainability has a deeper implication that includes not only natural resources but also environmental and social management. Therefore, the subject requires a deep look into the established problems and suggested solutions. Here, we offer four 200-word essays on environmental sustainability, its matter, obstacles, and probably resolutions. Outline1 Sustainability Essay Example 1 (242 words)2 Sustainability Essay Example 2 (233 words)3 Sustainability Essay Example 3 (233 words)4 Sustainability Essay Sample 4 (238 words) Sustainability Essay Example 1 (242 words) We will write a custom essay on Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They say that the planet Earth has been undergoing significant changes due to its millennial cycles of natural and environmental deviations. I believe that such changes are a matter of human concern because of human interference with the natural balance, i.e., extraction of fossils, green gas emissions, contamination of waters, cutting-out of rainforests, etc. As a ground, I would like to state my reasons. First of all, the age of industrial breakthrough has led to the development and implementation of technological innovations, which have brought the facilitation of human labor and a tremendous price to pay. As a consequence, the use of machinery has caused the over-extraction of fossils and overproduction of fossil derivatives due to the human inability to designate limits and predict possible outcomes. Second of all, again, the use of machines that simplify human labor has brought us to a point when the level of chemicals emissions is exceeding the amount of such that our environment can process. Third of all, as a consequence of the previous two, green gases are not worked up by nature and deposit in the atmosphere. This causes sun radiation accumulation and global warming and leads to glaciers melting. As a conclusion, I would like to underscore the urgency of the implementation of sustainability means that can, at least, decelerate the decay and disturbance of natural balance. Without it, humanity might never get well after the mistakes of its previous generations. Sustainability Essay Example 2 (233 words) Sustainability is a contemporary word frequently used by mass media that has raised a clamor around the issues of water contamination, forest cutting-out and the devastation of habitats. Apart from being associated with ecological problems sustainability implies a more thorough context. So, what does it means and what should people understand when hearing this term? For starters, sustainability is a study of principles and norms elaborated to manage natural resources properly, so that they are preserved intact for future generations. Also, it means a practice of planning and elaboration of approaches and strategies that are aimed at sustaining an environment, coping with its challenges and adjusting society to the most efficient ways of human-nature interaction. If we take into consideration the dimension of natural resources management, then the subject is based on three main principles. The first one deals with the use of solar energy and finding a means of replacing old energy sources with new ones based on alternative kinds of energy. The second principle refers to biodiversity which unfolds approaches implemented to preserve and sustain the arts of biological organisms and their natural habitats. The third one regards cycling of chemicals in the atmosphere and their management, i.e., the reduction of abundance and increase of their lack. All in all, sustainability is a complex topic whose goal is to raise awareness about the ecological and social issue of the modern time. .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .postImageUrl , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:hover , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:visited , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:active { border:0!important; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:active , .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud11e057fc61cf63803b1117c99c6a73e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Historic Preservation: Gentrification or Economic Development EssaySustainability Essay Example 3 (233 words) An environment is, as they say, a cradle of our civilization that has been nurturing humanity since its dawn. People have a moral obligation to put maximal efforts into paying it back by reasonably and sufficiently handling its resources. For this, our society has been struggling with implementing the laws of sustainability. Sustainability as a way of managing nature wisely deals with a variety of aspects, which are focused on anthropological implications since here the interaction of a human being and their environment is in the center of attention. The matter includes a few dimensions which create its core. The social aspect involves issues which directly influence the well-being of a group of people, the group’s response to certain natural forces and possible changes, which can be caused by such. The economic aspect is a business perspective on how to use nature as an accelerator of economic processes, on how to outline a business the way it won’t harm its environment. The environmental aspect is, certainly, the most known and discussed topic. It’s a reflection of a society’s intention on how to interact with, use and apply natural resources with a purpose of improving such a society’s well-being. To sum up, it’s needed to be mentioned that sustainability involves more than just the management of an environment. It’s a diverse and promising vector of adjusting human life to the demands of the modern age. Sustainability Essay Sample 4 (238 words) Every century establishes certain requirements for a person, which have a purpose of facilitating the process of the person’s adjustment to their environment. As of today, a human being is asked of leading a sustainable way of life, which implies that one has to be reasonable and consistent in their lifestyle regarding water use, cleanliness of surroundings, chemicals use, and emissions. So, what are the main traits of a sustainable person? First of all, such a person has a high awareness of their environment’s issues and is ready to make decisions aimed at such issues’ resolution and prevention from happening ever again. Apart from this, it involves social and private motivation to implement changes. Second of all, a sustainable person takes actions and applies them to their own life. This regards an everyday routine, e.g., wise use of water, saving of electro-energy (or switching to alternative energy sources), etc. Third of all, to make any action widespread and in this case sustainable attitude a social phenomenon, it has to be followed and ‘worshiped’ by a formidable number of people. For this reason, it requires informing others about the reason and value of living a sustainable life by those who already lead such a life. Lastly, sustainability should not be regarded as an invention of our technological era. Its purpose is to learn how to live with nature in peace and preserve its gifts for our children.

Nail Clipper Essays - Woodworking, Toiletry, Medical Equipment

Nail Clipper Description of a Standard Nail Clipper Introduction-General Description The standard nail clipper is a portable tool used for trimming fingernails and toenails. It can also be used for filing your nails and removing the dirt from behind your nails. The nail clipper has two main parts that are bolted together and provide the necessary leverage to trim the nail. Attached to the base of the nail clipper is a file that is connected by a circular shaft that allows you to rotate the file 360 degrees about the shaft. A bolt to the base connects the second part that provides leverage and this rotates about the bolt to either a position that is parallel to the main part or at a point that is 43 degrees at an angle to the main part (Figure 1). Figure 1 The nail clipper works to trim your nails when the second piece is at an angle to the main part of the clipper. When the second part is compressed with your nail underneath the sharp end of the two pieces, that portion of your nail is removed. Three main parts make up the nail clipper: base, leverage part, and file. Description of Parts and Their Function Base. The base of the nail clipper is 2 and ? inches in length and weighs 9.3 grams. It has two pieces connected to each other by a bolt at an angle of 5 degrees to each other. At the ends of these two pieces is the sharp part of the nail clipper that is used to cut the nail. These ends are shaped to fit around your fingernail or toenail. Leverage Part. The leverage part of the nail clipper is 2 inches long and weighs 3.8 grams. It is connected to the base by the same bolt that connects the two main pieces of the base. The bolt is constructed to allow the leverage part to rotate 360 degrees about the bolt. When the piece is lifted forward and in, it parallels itself to the base (Figure 2). It can also be moved to a position 43 degrees at an angle to the base which allows the piece to compress the two sharp end pieces of the base. Figure 2 File. The file is connected to the base of the nail clipper by a circular shaft at the opposite end of the clipper. It can rotate about this shaft 360 degrees, which allows for easy access of the file. The file is 1 and ? inches in length and weighs 1.4 grams. At the end of the file there is a sharp point that is ? inches in length, which allows the user to remove dirt from behind the nails. Conclusion and Operating Description The three main parts of a nail clipper all work together to provide the necessary leverage to compress the sharp ends of the base. When the leverage piece is compressed, the two parts of the base become compressed, and the angle between the two sharp ends closes to zero. This causes the ends of your nails to be removed. By following the ends of your fingernails or toenails with the sharp end of the nail clipper and compressing it each time, you are able to trim your nails to the desired length. Speech and Communications

Please Let Your Interest Be Piqued

Please Let Your Interest Be Piqued Please Let Your Interest Be Piqued Please Let Your Interest Be Piqued By Maeve Maddox A reader received an email whose writer expressed this earnest wish: I hope this peeks your interest in advertising with us. This misspelling of pique is widespread: GNDs are here to connect you with things, we hope, will make you laugh. OR Peek your interest. ad for production company This book is fascinating and the author infuses the story with mystery and peaks your interest throughout. Amazon book review Now its time to choose what peeks your interest and develop your own personal spin on it. Thats the first step to being successful out here, so I hope you take this message seriously. tips for website development I hope the interview below peaks your interest.   blogger If you have never fished for a Peacock bass, we hope this peaks your interest enough to take your first venture fishing site Please look through these groups when you have a chance to see if there is something that peaks your interest. group networking site I hope my website peaks your interest, clears up any questions you have, and motivates you to become my patient. a dentists site I hope the following peeks your interest in continuing education. diving site Alright, lets face facts. Everybody loves a discount. It doesnt matter what product peeks your interest at a given moment, discount shopping is a favorite pass time of many. business site (Yep, this one is a veritable goldmine of misuse: Alright, doesnt, pass time) pique [pÄ“k] : verb To stimulate or provoke (a person) to action, esp. by arousing jealousy, etc.; to arouse (a feeling, esp. curiosity or interest). Its when pique is used in the sense of stimulating interest that it is most frequently misspelled as peek or peak. Other meanings of pique as a verb: pique: transitive verb. To wound the pride of, irritate, or offend; to make resentful. Ex. She deliberately tried to pique him by referring to his old girlfriend. pique: transitive verb used reflexively. To take pride in or congratulate oneself on. Ex. She piques herself on her good taste in home furnishings. As a noun pique can have these meanings: A quarrel or feeling of enmity between two or more people, countries, etc.; ill feeling, animosity. (A feeling of) anger, irritation, or resentment, resulting from a slight or injury, esp. to ones pride; offence taken. Now esp. in fit of pique. Ex. She quit the club in a fit of pique. Pique comes from the French verb piquer, to sting, to bite. Amateur book reviewers can probably continue misspelling pique with impunity. People trying to sell their services or a product, however, may want to learn to spell it correctly. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWord Count and Book Length

Questions and Answers - Questions on Measurement and Evaluation Essay

Questions and Answers - Questions on Measurement and Evaluation - Essay Example 7. Draft a set of questions for each part above, the answer to which would provide the information you need. Indicate whether your questions ask for factual or subjective information and whether the resulting data will have nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio properties. 9. What are the various levels of measurement? Why are the differences between the levels of measurement important? Give an example of data that can be transformed from one level to another and another example of data that cannot be so transformed. Levels of measurement are defined by the nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio properties. The various levels of measurement are the relationship among the values of data. These values or attributes characterize the variable. Understanding the difference among the levels of measurement is important because it allows the researcher to determine whether the data needs to be processed or transformed from one level to another. For example a data can be said to transform if it is ordinal or interval. Hence, income of individuals can be transformed into low, medium or high group. Alternatively, there are some data which cannot be transformed. Such data falls into the nominal category. Nominal data merely represents the alternate name or denomination of the said data and do not have statistical value even when calculated. For example quality health care cannot be measured. A good evaluation question implies that the levels of measurement are used to identify the significance of the data. Variables have values to be assigned. For example assumptions at nominal level cannot be used to generate meaningful data that would support analysis of the hypothesis. On the other hand, if levels of measurement are integrated within the evaluation question then it would enable the researcher to transform data to meaningful data that would provide meaningful results. Good evaluation questions also assign

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recycled Toothbrushes Make Sense - Essay Example It can further cut on logistics costs by collaborating with Stonyfield Farm in the procurement and disposal of the used yogurt containers. Secondly, some people usually do not prefer to use toothbrushes made out of recycled stuff, perhaps because of the reasons of hygiene and the sense of aversion associated with toothbrushes made out of recycled plastic. Recycline could enhance the conversion rate to its toothbrushes by telling its customers that they are made of food grade recycled plastic originating from the yogurt packaging of a credible food company like Stonyfield Farm. Besides Stonyfield is an already established brand. Recycline’s association with it will definitely add to its brand value. 2. Hudson is already procuring the raw material from Stonyfield Farm. It could place the advertisements at the stores selling Stonyfield products with catchy slogans like â€Å"Waste nothing, go green, and let your yogurt container be your toothbrush.† If Stonyfield Farm allo ws Hudson to do so, he could easily convert a big segment of Stonyfield’s customers to its products, without making significant investments. Stonyfield Farm also stands to gain from this move, as it will strengthen its green credentials.

Endocrine System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Endocrine System - Essay Example The control and coordination of all bodily processes is done by the nervous system in tandem with the endocrine system. The two systems are so closely associated that they are collectively called the neuroendocrine system. Neural control centers in the hypothalamus of the brain control the endocrine system. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to exercise control over the body, while the endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones to communicate and link between the nervous system and bodily functions. The major functions of the endocrine system are response to stress and injury, energy metabolism, water and electrolyte balance, reproduction, birth and lactation. The endocrine system is concerned with continuous, long-term effects, which are slow and widespread. The three major components of the endocrine system are the endocrine glands, the hormones and the receptors in the target cells. (Adam 2001). Glands are aggregations of epithelial cells embedded within connective tissue and surrounded by rich vascular networks. The two major categories of glands are exocrine and endocrine. Those glands which excrete substances for elimination are called exocrine glands (derived from the Greek ‘exo’ for outside and ‘krine’ for secrete). These glands have ducts or tubes which carry their secretions to the surface of the skin or into body cavities. Other glands which secrete substances for further use by the body are called endocrine glands (‘endo’ for inside). Endocrine glands are ductless glands which release their secretions directly into the surrounding tissue and blood. The endocrine glands are not physically connected but are distributed throughout the body. Some of them also have non-endocrine functions (Eg. The pancreas also secrete digestive enzymes) and are called mixed glands. The main endocrine glands are the pituitary, the pineal, the thyro id, the parathyroid, the adrenal, the

Low Pressure Mercury Vapour Electronic Discharge

Low Pressure Mercury Vapour Electronic Discharge A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a low-pressure mercury-vapour electronic discharge (fluorescent) lamp. The lamp is constructed from a hollow glass tube with an aluminium cap at each end. Within the tube are two electrode coils, one at either end. The inner surface of the glass tube is coated in phosphor, and the tube, containing a small amount of mercury vapour, is filled at low pressure with an inert gas such as argon or krypton. Construction of a typical fluorescent lamp http://www.lamptech.co.uk/Documents/FL%20Introduction.htm Block diagram showing fluorescent lamp and associated circuitry http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/files/root/Images/ballast/Grundschaltung_e.GIF An automatic starting switch (starter) is used to initialise the flow of electrons from a coated filament cathode, which then collide with mercury vapour atoms, exciting their electrons to a higher energy state. This higher energy state is unstable and returns to a lower, more stable level, and in so doing produces a very small amount of blue-green light and a large amount of ultraviolet radiation. When the UV radiation comes into contact with the phosphor coating it causes the phosphors electrons to reach a higher energy state, which when returning to a normal level give off visible light; the colour of which is dependant upon the chemical composition of the phosphor. Fluorescent lamps are negative resistance devices, meaning that as the current increases, the electrical resistance decreases, allowing further increase in current flow. If the rise in current flow were to be uncontrolled the lamp would quickly self-destruct. To prevent this, a ballast device is used in order to regulate the current flow. Fluorescent lamps are a well established standard for general lighting in industrial, commercial and domestic applications. They come in a range of standardised sizes, power ratings, white colours, and colour temperatures. Other benefits of using fluorescent lamps compared to, for example, incandescent lamps, is that they are more energy efficient and have a longer life, typically 10 20 times longer than an incandescent lamp. When switched on they illuminate almost immediately, there is no waiting period whilst they warm up to their operating temperature, which for a fluorescent lamp is room temperature. When switched off, they can be restarted immediately, unlike high pressure sodium lamps which must cool down. One disadvantage of fluorescent lamps is that in some circumstances they may flicker at twice the supply frequency, causing a stroboscopic effect which, in a workshop type environment, may cause rotating machinery to appear stationary. One way to overcome this is by using lamps with a high-frequency electronic ballast. A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an indoor sports environment would typically be a high-intensity discharge (HID) type lamp, such as metal halide or high pressure sodium. High Pressure Sodium Sodium vapour at high pressure and temperature is highly reactive with glass, which would rapidly fail as a result. So, for a high pressure sodium lamp, a ceramic arc tube body, known as translucent polycrystalline alumina (PCA) and manufactured from aluminium oxide, is used instead; and is itself enclosed by a protective outer glass bulb, which is either evacuated or contains an inert gas. High pressure sodium lamp (image from: http://www.hydroyard.com/) The arc tube is evacuated of air and volatile contaminants, a dose of sodium-mercury amalgam and a filling gas of either argon or xenon are introduced. The type of gas filling is chosen for its ability to allow an arc to strike at low pressure. Tungsten electrodes, having a coating of electron-emissive material, connect to the electrical supply and the tube is hermetically sealed. A high voltage pulse causes the gas within the arc tube to ionise, creating an arc between the two tungsten electrodes, and increases the temperature of the gas. Initially, the arc voltage, due to the low vapour pressures, is low. As the amalgam temperature increases so does the pressure, and thereby the voltage, taking a few minutes for the lamp to reach its optimum operating condition. Once the lamp has been switched off, it needs to cool for a short while before being able to restart. The ballast, as with the fluorescent tube, controls the current to ensure stable operation. Diagram showing basic construction of a high pressure sodium lamp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:High_pressure_sodium_lamp.svg Some of the benefits of using high pressure sodium lamps in an indoor sports environment are that they give good colour rendering which is important where teams need to clearly identify each other by their colours. HPS lamps also provide a whiter light which allows players to clearly identify the sports equipment, especially where that equipment is used in fast moving sports such as the ball in a game of squash. Task 20 Escape Route Lighting It is essential that every workplace has a means of egress during an emergency, and this requires a system of emergency lighting be fitted to ensure that evacuation can be done in a safe manner should the normal lighting system fail. BS EN 50172:2004/ BS 5266-8:2004 details the requirements for emergency lighting systems. Legislation requires that lighting be sited in points of emphasis along the exit route, covering areas such as each exit door, intersections, changes of direction and floor level along the route, stairways, fire fighting equipment, alarm points, potential hazards, emergency escape signs, first aid points, equipment and machinery that requires shutting down in an emergency, outside and near to each final exit. The term near is defined as within 2 metres, measured horizontally. Examples of points of emphasis At each exit door At each piece of fire fighting equipment and alarm call point At each intersection of corridors Near each first aid post The escape route must attain a minimum level of illuminance, additionally, every compartment on the escape route must have at least two luminaires in order to provide some light should one fail. BS 5266 Pt 7: 1999 (EN1838) details the Light Level Requirements, a minimum of 1 lux anywhere on the centre line of the escape route for normal risks. A uniformity ratio of 40:1 maximum to minimum must not be exceeded. This illuminance must be provided for the full duration and life of the system. 50% of the illuminance must be available within 5 seconds and the full value within 60 seconds of supply failure. (http://www.cooper-ls.com/dg_emersystem.html) High Risk Task Area Lighting Guidance for the requirements of provision of emergency lighting in high risk areas is given in BS 5266 Part 10: 2008. The provision of emergency lighting in High Risk Task Areas must be sufficient enough to allow the safe shutting down of machinery and equipment in areas such as workshops, control and plant rooms, switchgear rooms, production lines, laboratories, or any other areas where potentially dangerous situations or processes are likely to occur, and which might affect the safety of the workforce or other occupants. It is a requirement that for high risk areas the maintained illuminance should be not less than 10% of the normal maintained illuminance on the reference plane for the task, and not less than 15 lux, whichever is higher. It should have a maximum uniformity ratio of 10:1, and a response time of at least 0.5 seconds. It should also be free from stroboscopic effects. http://www.voltexlighting.co.za/Download/emergency_lighting.pdf, http://www.westyorksfire.gov.uk/departments/fireSafety/nfgs/FS-NFG029-EmergencyLighting.pdf Most emergency lighting systems fall into three types, Maintained, Non-maintained and Sustained. A maintained system is one where the luminaire uses the same lamp for both standard and emergency use, can be switched on or off in the same manner as a normal light, but once the regular power supply is lost the lamp will illuminate, using its back-up battery pack. A maintained system has an M designation and a number indicating the emergency duration in hours, e.g. M2. A non-maintained system is one that illuminates only when the mains supply fails. It is designated NM and, again, is followed by a number that indicates its duration of illumination. A sustained system is a combination of the maintained and non-maintained systems, and contains two (or more) lamps within a luminaire. Each lamp is supplied independently, one by the mains supply and the other by the battery back-up for when the mains supply fails. This system is designated S and also has a number indicating the emergency duration. Maintained systems should generally be used in locations such as pubs and bars and other premises where alcohol is served, along with public areas where the lighting levels can be reduced to below the levels required for escape route illumination. Sustained systems can be considered for places that may require safe lighting at all times, e.g. hallways and stairwells in areas of accommodation such as hotels or halls of residence, where evacuation at night may be necessary, even if no power supply failure has occurred. As an energy and lamp-life saving measure it may only be necessary to have the lamps illuminate during night time, or other periods of low ambient light, activated by a motion sensor during normal operation, and automatically in emergency. Non-maintained systems can generally be considered for all other situations. A duration of emergency illumination lasting between 1 and 3 hours can be considered sufficient for most situations. BS 5266 gives detailed guidance regarding which category may be most suitable for a given situation and location. Back-up power supply Providing a source of power in the event of a mains supply failure can be done by one of two main methods; either by battery or generator. There are two distinct types of battery systems, a self-contained system whereby each luminaire contains a battery, charger, and changeover device; and a central system where these items are located in one room and which supply all the luminaires in the system. Using the latter method, it is essential that the wiring be of a high standard as there may be a risk of loss of power due to fire damage, and also poor performance due to voltage drop over long cable runs. Therefore, the former may be preferable to overcome these drawbacks; installation is simpler and requires little maintenance other than routine testing. Where a back-up generator is used, it should be either run at all times or be able to start automatically and run up to provide the required output level in 5 seconds or fewer. Where neither of these conditions can be met, it should be s upplemented by a battery back-up system, that is capable of running the emergency lighting system for one hour. In this situation the generator need not be required to start automatically, but be available to take over from the battery back-up as soon as possible. Signage Cooper Lighting and Safety states that illumination requirements for signage must conform to the colours of ISO 3864, which defines that exit and first aid signs must be white with green as the contrast colour. The ratio of luminance of the white colour to the green colour must be between 5:1 and 15:1. The minimum luminance of any 10mm patch area on the sign must be greater than 2cd/m ² and the ratio of maximum to minimum luminance shall be less than 10:1 for either colour. (http://www.cooper-ls.com/dg_emersystem.html) Example of emergency exit sign conforming to ISO 3864 http://img.archiexpo.com/images_ae/photo-g/emergency-exit-signs-143363.jpg Task 3 Number of luminaires required The luminaires require an electrical input of 58 watts and suffer losses of 18%, which result in a power rating of 41 watts. Taking into account a correcting factor for this power rating of 1.04, multiplied by the Utilisation Factorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the number of luminaires required is 50.28; rounding down to 50 to give a common sense workable number. Taking a space/height ratio of 1.7, and the height of the luminaire above the working plane being 3.2 metres, the space between luminaires should be a maximum of 5.22 metres. Arranging 50 luminaires to best fit a room of dimensions 20m x 15m gives an arrangement of 5 luminaires by 10 luminaires, with the length of each luminaire orientated across the width of the room. The spacing between each luminaire across the width of the room would be 1.5 m with 0.7m between the luminaire and the wall at each end. The space between the centre of each luminaire down the length of the room would be 2m with 1m between the centre of the luminaire and the wall at each end. Both of these figures fall well within the maximum spacing determined by the space/height ratio. Although to be mathematically accurate in determining the minimum number of luminaires required, one would usually round up; real world considerations need to be taken into account such as arranging the luminaires to fit the rooms dimensions, and the additional costs involved in adding substantially more luminaires required just to make a nice aesthetic pattern. In the question, no consideration has been given to the availability of natural light, nor the range of commercially available lamps and luminaires which could be more efficient and effective than the given figures suggest. Diagram showing orientation and spacing of luminaires 15 metres 1.0m 1.5m 0.75m 2m 1.5m 20 m

Early Exposure of Poor Filipino Children in Drudgery

Thesis Statement: The different forms of child labor exploitation or harmful labor have negative emotional, physical or mental impact on child laborers in the Philippines. I. Introduction Childhood is the most innocent stage in human life. It is the phase of life wherein a child is learning new things, fun-loving, free from all tensions and is the sweetheart of all family members. But this is only one side of the story. The other is full of tremendous problems and burdens. In this case, the innocent child is not the sweetheart of the family, instead, he/ she is an earning machine working the entire day n order to satisfy the needs and wants of his/ her family. This is what we call â€Å"Child labor. † There are various causes and effects of child labor that could totally affect or even damage children’s lives. The consequences of child labor to a child can be numerous and crippling on his/ her physical, mental and emotional state. It can seriously hamper the well being of a child who is supposed to get a sound education and nutrition to develop into a healthy adult. [1]†Child labor is horrible. These children get hurt, maimed, even killed. And guess what? Most kids in schools don’t even care. That is why we need to learn about it in school. To make a difference. † It is important to speak about the practice of abusive and exploitative child labor in order for us to be aware of these cases. Although most of the child workers do get the privilege of education, most end up being dropouts and repeaters because they are not able to focus on their studies. By becoming aware of the consequences that the child workers might face from their situations, we shall become vigilant by fighting its cause and therefore contribute towards the goal of eliminating the child labor cases in our country. II. Analysis A. Historical Background Child labor can be traced to the period of industrialization. It is believed that between 1780 and 1840, child exploitation was a foregone practice. It was common to find children working in factories, farms and mills. Some children started working as tourist guides; some worked as waiters or even set up small shops. Worst forms of child exploitation included military use of children and child prostitution. Families led lives which were manipulated by their employers. They would work for more than 72 hours a week for company owned amenities like goods and houses and for a small pay. Many anti-child labor movements were organized and led by working women and middle class consumers. However, even today many cases of child labor in the Philippines are not registered due to different reasons. Although the country has made remarkable strides to stop child labor, it still exists. The fight is still ongoing. According to the International Labor Organization, the number of working children is increasing daily. Sad but true, children are still being exploited in sweatshops. B. Literature Review Children as a Source of Labor 1. Unpaid Household Work The most common unpaid work within the household and also ost common across all types of unpaid work was household work with activities such as cooking, laundry, ironing, cleaning and gardening. The researchers found out that three-fourths of the children under took household work. Parents of the children who work within the household work have their time to relax and parents appreciate this as there rest day. In this case, ch ildren usually learn their task from their parents or older siblings. 2. Children as Income Earning Assets From interviewing some labourers, the researchers found out that many of child workers do not even know about their salary. Because parents or other relatives were the ones connive with the employer, mostly relative rather than the child workers are the recipient of financial remuneration. Even when the child workers receive the financial remuneration, many of them send the money to their parents and they would get little benefit. Although they know keeping some portion of the money with them will help in times of need. III. Child Labor in the Philippines A. Different Faces of Child Labor Child labor is an emotional issue, not only because many business is made large profit by exploiting children for extremely low wage but also ecause children were being deprived of education that would allow them to improve and make their life better. We have policies and programs that help the victims of child labor, however, it still couldn't help the fact that it's still growing until now, there is still argument dealing with child labor. Annually, the numbers of child labor victims is increasing. Working on a dangero us and hazardous job is the only way to help their family when it comes to expenses. Every shift, they face the most difficult trials in life. Everyday they experience loss of life, limb and innocence. Child labor victims are lso exposed to dirty jobs. Blacksmiths, tinsmiths, foundry work, glass factories, cotton and textile mills, coal mines and fields and child prostitution are some of the common jobs that young children are engage in. Being exposed to these dirty activities, children are prone to bacteria viruses so they have a higher possibility of getting sick they also experience many dangers when it comes to their job-child trafficking, especially for girls, often end up imprisoned in rooms, watched by arm guards, starve, beaten and rape by their own recruiters or captors. Children have to bear anything to survive their situation. B. Reasons of its Rapid Growth Child labor has grown to be a topic of widespread debate. It has many favorable and unfavorable points of view. In any case, child labor should be destroyed as it is harmful to the health of the children, it is an obstacle to their education, and it denies them a happy childhood. There are reasons why this dilemma is growing rapidly. One of this is the children work to help pay off a loan incurred by the family. For instance, a parent trade their child for money or because it gives them a wealthy life in change. The children from poor families in developing countries cannot study. Their parents cannot afford their school and study expenditures. Poor families are normally very large, and the bread earner is the male head who single-handedly cannot meet the needs of each member. Poverty hinders the children to do whatever they want. Every child has the right to the most basic of necessities in life like a healthy environment, formal education, and most importantly, a loving family to come home to. Parents are forced to send the little children into hazardous jobs for the reason of survival, even though they know it is wrong. Illiterate and ignorant parents do not understand the need for roper physical and emotional development of their child. They don’t pay enough attention to their responsibilities and that is why they don’t care about the education for their child. Adult unemployment and urbanization also causes child labor. Adults often find it difficult to find jobs because factory owners find it more beneficial to employ children at cheap rate s. One of these examples is the garment factories. The industrial revolution has also a negative effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor. Sometimes multinationals prefer to employ child workers in developing countries because they could work long nd can pay in a small wage. C. Children’s Rights (Regarding Child Labor) The children’s right is categorized into three by a Canadian organization. The first group is the provision. It means that children should have the right to live and should receive their fundamental needs in life. It also convey that children must have an adequate home, right amount of food to eat, should be engaged in a good lifestyle, health care, education to learn and to play. Next is the protection. The child should enjoy his/her protection. The child should be given the opportunities and a right facility. They should be Free from harm and abuse. Last is the participation. It signifies that the children should have the chance to join different programs and services that are accommodating to them. They also have the right to participate to other activities and facilities in their community. D. Number of Child Laborers The percentage of young people in Philippines between the age of five and seventeen is about 33 percent of its total population which comes to about 22. 4 million. This is a large number considering that Philippines is a young nation. Between the ages of 5 to 7 years, one in every six children has to work to arn a living and help support his or her family. This astounding fact tells us that around sixteen percent of young children in Philippines are working. Child Labor is prevalent in mining, production, farming, and deep sea fishing industries and many children are also working as domestic workers. Based on the 2000 survey of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and National Stat istics Office (NSO) and studies by the Bacolod-based research group Center for Investigative Research and Multimedia Services (CIRMS), around four million or 16. 2 percent of the 24. 9 million Filipino children (aged five to 17 years) work. This reflects a significant increase from the 1995 ILO and NSO surveys wherein 3. 6 million child workers were documented. The age group of 10-14 years accounted for 48 percent of the working children while the age group of 15-17 years accounted for 46 percent. There were more child male workers than child female workers. The gender ratio showed 173 male child workers for every 100 child female workers. Based on geographic distribution, about 70 percent child laborers were found in rural areas and only 30 percent in urban areas. Urban-based child workers were a little older than their rural counterparts: the average age of urban- ased child workers is 15 while the rural average age is 14. E. Working Hours The average number of working hours of children in productive activities was 28 per week. One-third of the children involve in productive activities for more than 35 hours per week. The intensity of work in productive activities was higher for boys(33 hours) than girls(26 hours). Th e survey also revealed that the highest proportion of children involve in these activities worked about 3-5 hours per day. IV. Impact of Child Labor in Children’s Lives A. Short-term Impact Most of the child workers studied were from poor families and ommunities, and this was reflected in their overall community health norm. Nevertheless, no significant differences in height and weight were obvious between working and non-working children from the same communities. Certain work situations were shown to affect the child workers’ health in specific ways. The hazards the children were exposed to were found to be place, work, and gender related. The NSO survey showed that about 30, 000 children had reported having suffered from work-related injuries/illnesses. Majority of these lived in the rural areas, especially in Region VII, ARMM, and Region X. Their most common njuries reported were cuts/wounds/punctures. Some illnesses/injuries reported were such that 3 in every 100 had to stop working and 50% had to temporarily stop working. Schistosomiasis, fatigue, backache, wounds, and over-exposure to the sun were related to agricultural work. Sleeplessness was reported in night fishing and garments manufacturing. Thypoid, gastro-enteritis, beriberi, respiratory ailments (TB, bronchitis and pneumonia), headaches, fever, coughs, dysentery, ruptured eardrums, and damaged auditory nerves were reported in deep sea diving. Fatal accidents such as drowning were reported in sea-related work. In manufacturing, skin and respiratory illnesses; impairment of the nervous system due to chemicals; headaches; backaches; leg cramps; allergies; and eyestrain were reported. Sun over-exposure was reported in stonecraft work. Accidents in manufacturing were due to cuts, punctures, and bone mashing. In services, exposure to environmental hazards and road accidents in street trades, colds, cough, STDs for prostituted children, harassment and threats to the body and life were reported. The NSO reported that while boys suffered more from the effects of hazardous work, illnesses such as body aches/pains were more common among emales, and more females also contracted skin rashes/diseases. Other studies showed that since there were more girls found in prostitution, they were also more prone to STDs. B. Long-term Impact Child labor has huge array of effect on children. Some are see to affect them for a long period of time. When children don’t go to school and learn, the possibility of excelling in life is lessened because they might not know anything. They only have little knowledge. Hazardous jobs can also affect their health. Several conditions are very life threatening and can affect their life until hey grow up. They might acquire some diseases that is incurable and lasts for a long time. They might also get themselves in accidents that would totally injure them physically, mentally and emotionally. They might get used to it, making their mindset more mature, not thinking about their freedom as a child and making them brainwashed zombies. V. The Economic History of Child Labor A. Early Industrialization and the Employment of Children Children in the Philippines, especially those who belong to low- income families are bound to an early participation in economic activities. At very oung ages, they are trained to help in household chores and, for many whose parent’s income cannot cover the needs of their families, contribute to be a family worker. Hence by the time they reach adolescence, most of them are well versed with the realities of the Philippine labor market. Young as they are, working adolescents are highly subjected to abuse and exploitation as they engage themselves in a variety of work, under varying conditions. Those working on the streets or scavenging as well as those trapped in the prostitution industry are exposed to violence and to threats to their moral development and health. Those engaged in domestic service are often isolated and may suffer physical and sexual abuse. Working adolescents in home based industries often work in poor, even unsafe conditions. Working adolescents can be found in practically all sectors of the economy. They cut across major occupational groups and cover a wide range of economic activities. In general, however, working male adolescents are concentrated in non-domestic occupations like wood working, fishing, hauling, scavenging and newspaper selling. On the other hand, working female adolescents are commonly into domestic work, sidewalk vending and in industries requiring anual dexterity, such as embroidery work in sewing. In rural areas, adolescents work for large plantations like vegetable and rice farms. Those in urban areas may be found in the retail trade and in services and small-scale manufacturing enterprises. Of those in the industry sector, majority are engaged in the manufacturing sub sector, while those in the servic es sector are mostly found in the personal services and trade sub sectors. B. The Child Labor Market 1. Supply of Child Workers As we know, human are one of the most abundant things in our planet. We can see humans of different races almost everywhere. Children have higher ratio than adults, especially in the Philippines. So, there is no problem in finding children to train for work. Child workers are scattered everywhere. There are so many cases of child labor, either legal or illegal. In the Philippines, child workers are seen everywhere, even in the dangerous streets of Metro Manila. It seems that they have invaded this region. They are like ants because of their huge number. Some are vendors of certain things like toys, foods, service and other commodities. Our country seems to have an unlimited supply of child workers. Where all these children coming from? Well, judging from biological aspects of the human race, they came from their parents after a night of love. There are only few ways of reducing these big numbers because it is a natural process and it is bad to fight nature. The only way to reduce it is through discipline. Now, we are having an unlimited supply of child workers. 2. Demand of Child Workers Why is there so many child workers on the road? Many people hire children because of the advantages they get. One of the reason is the child’s energy. Children seem to be energetic even though they are tired after a long day’s work. We, costumers pity the children and because of that we buy from them. Syndicates like to hire children because of their charming look as well as their helpless look. So, if people would buy from them, they will just advertise and promote child workers. These had been a big demand for child workers because of these reasons. Children have a high demand in the market today because of their amazing qualities and capabilities. VI. Government Agencies and Laws A. Government Agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) The Dole has numerous programs whose goal is to reduce the incidence of child labor. Example of which are as follows: . Coordination of DOLE ad the International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (ILO- IPEC). b. Studies such as the Gender Statistics on Labor and Employment (GSLE) generates data on working children c. The Philippine Program Against Child Labor d. Projects such as strengthening national capacities to support the Philippine program against chil d labor e. Partnership of DOLE with UNICEF 2. Department Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) DSWD as mandated by the national government has waged war against child labor. Programs such as the following were implemented: a. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) b. Regional Sub-committee for the welfare of children (RSCNC) which one sees and monitors the personality of local councils for the protection of children. c. DSWD- provided educational assistance, skills, training and livelihood assistance. 3. Philippine National police (PNP) The PNP is the enforcers of laws appertaining child labor. PNP started their crack down on â€Å"muro-ami† an illegal method of fishing that more often than not, exploits minors. B. Non- Government Agencies 1. Compassion Compassion is a child development center that sponsors children and provide them with food, shelter, education and health care as well as Christian trainings. It is a Christian child advocacy ministry that releases children from spiritual, economic, social and physical poverty and encourage them to become responsible, fulfilled Christian adults. 2. Bantay Bata 163 This is a social welfare program of the ABS-CBN Foundation. It aims to protect disadvantaged and at risk children through a nationwide network of social service. Among these services, the national emergency hotline†163† which allows people to call and report incidence of child abuse exploitation and neglect. C. Laws 1. RA 9231 A. special protection of children against child abuse, exploitation nd discrimination. Act No. 1-08-employer/ youth aged 15 to less than 18 years old. 2. RA 9208 An act to institute police to eliminate by picking in person especially women and children, establishing the necessary institutional mechanism for the protection and support for trafficked persons, providing penalties for its violation. VII. Summary This research st udy is all about he current situation of child labor here in the Philippines. Our research discusses the factors affecting child labor as well as the child. It also touches certain topics that would help the authorities to come up with a trategic plan to decrease or might eliminate the presence of child labor in our country. This research exposed what might have been the origin of child labor in the Philippines. The economic status of our country with regards to the issue of child labor is also included. It tackles the effect of early exposure to drudgery in children, parents and in the country. This research also contains the result of our recent interview/ survey to the public. The questionnaire includes a variety of questions about their background, jobs, family, and the like. The results also provide proof that our country is in a ituation where in the issue, child labor, is almost conquering us. This research is bound together with the statistics of child workers. This states t he different way’s a child could work. Laws, government and non-government agencies governing over child labor is also included within this research. The opinions of the researchers are also stated in this research. The stand of the researchers in the issue is also indicated. The outcome of the different actions of the agencies involved is stated and proven by the researchers. The whole research is mainly about the current situation and effects of child labor to the Philippines and he actual effects of it to the children. VIII. Conclusion On the whole, the decade had brought forth a rich and comprehensive body of literature on child labor. These studies cover the more or less in-depth picture of child workers’ personal characteristics. Our study recounts the historical experience of child labor in the Philippines and shows that children’s labor had been utilized and exploited in the Philippines. Child labor is a human right issue of immense sensitivity. To sum u p, Philippines consider it highly inappropriate when a child below 18 years of age is put to work. People should be prohibited from hiring children. Advocacy to eliminate child labor is not just the simple reduction of child labor in the work place. It is important to realize that there is not one simple answer to this vastly complicated issue. Hazardous work has been deemed as one of the worst forms of child labor and is therefore in need of immediate abolition. [2]†Every child deserves a reason to laugh. Child laborers live and work in such poor conditions that their lips would probably crack if they smile. † The elimination of child labor must pay attention to the conditions that have created the poverty which has spawned child labor. The link between the forces hat have created poverty and the factors leading to child labor go beyond community and national boundaries, and must be understood,, articulated and engaged. Let us all do what we can now, to eliminate child labor by advocating and ensuring that communities will survive, so that children today and in the future can start to take back their childhood. IX. R ecommendations After completing this research we’ve finally come to this part. Based on the outcome of our research, we recommend that the parents of the child laborers should strive harder in order to sustain their family needs because this is one of the ajor reasons why children work in spite their young age. The government should also pay attention and make more laws that penalize and criminalize parents and employers who are involved in this issue because nowadays we only have about 7 laws regarding this issue, which shows that it still needs improvement. The laws also have some flows which night lead to injustice. The children should also be careful in working because there are lots of things that could happen to them. They should also fight for their rights because sometimes, there are severely violated by their parents/ employers. Bibliography Books Del Rosario, Rosario and Melinda Bonga. (2000) Child Labor in the Philippines: A Review of Selected Studies and Policy Papers Manila, Philippines Adolescents in the Labor Force Institute for Labor Studies- Dep of Labor and Employment Manila, Philippines Websites http://international. uiowa. edu/centars/human-rights/documents/hazardous_child_labor. pdf http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=ThesaSambas www. [email  protected] gov. ph www. dole. gov. ph Dedication We highly dedicate this research works to all child workers and government agencies that are concerned in child labor cases in our country. It is known to s that there is a rapid growth of child workers who are supposed to be in the environment of a classroom rather than roaming the streets and risking every chance, time and time again, to earn money. It is with this thought in mind that we became more determined to continue our research study in order for the government to begin putting an end to child labor in the Philippines . Our thanks to all, who generously contributed their insights. Without their help, this research paper would never have been possible. -The Researchers Acknowledgement We, the aesthetic metamorphosis group, would like to express our deepest ppreciation to our very own, Miss Maria Purificacion R. Razon, who introduced us the real essence of being a student by making it possible for us to do our very first research paper. The entire team owes a debt of gratitude to a number of individuals who ably assisted in the development of this research. We would like to recognize Mr. Edwin Estioco, our consultant and reviser, for his helpful insights, advise, inspiration and selfless voluntary service to the successful completion of this project. We also extend our enormous appreciation to Mr. Exxon Susmirano, DSWD Social worker, Mrs. Minie Averilia, DOLE Worker and KGWD Ray Fajardo of Brgy. Kamuning, for providing us their truthful answers to our survey questions. We also are grateful to our families. Their support and guidance has enabled us to function effectively throughout the entire project period. And last, but never least, we honor our Almighty God who served as our team leader and thoughtful guide and for the unwavering support which make it possible for us to develop this research paper. -The Researchers EARLY EXPOSURE OF POOR FILIPINO CHILDREN IN DRUDGERY A Research Paper Presented to The Class of Miss Maria Purificacion R. Razon Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology High School In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject English IV By Amelia Fermia Carlos Leniel Origenes Rolyn Claire Maun IV-Gold Jenella Christine Palomar Sharmina Monic Allarde Kevin Baybay IV-Aluminum Emmanuel Caperal IV-Vanadium December 13, 2010 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Analysis A. Historical background B. Literature review 1. Children as a source of labor a. Unpaid household work b. Children as income earning assets III. Child labor in the Philippines A. Different faces of child labor B. Reasons of its rapid growth C. Children’s rights (regarding child labor) D. Number of child laborers E. Working hours IV. Impact of child labor in children’s lives A. Short-term impact B. Long-term impact V. The Economic history of child labor A. Early industrialization and the employment of children B. The Child labor market 1. Supply of child workers 2. Demand of child workers VI. Government agencies and laws A. Government agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) 2. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) 3. Philippine National Police (PNP) B. Non-government agencies 1. Compassion 2. Bantay Bata 163 C. Laws 1. RA 9231 2. RA 9208 VII. Summary VIII. Conclusion IX. Recommendations [pic] A. Child Laborers We, the researchers, conducted an interview to 12 child laborers based on their personal experiences in engaging work activities. The age of the one we interviewed are ranging to 10-16 years old. Almost half of the interviewee is a vendor, second is the ending, and last are the junk trader, eye optomatrist and a dubber which are the least. As the result of the survey, almost all the child laborers said that they need to work to help their family’s survival. For the remaining, they work because they need oney for their school allowances. After the interview, it appears that child laborer had been working from the past 1-3 years. Almost all of them work when there is a free time or if it is weekend. According to the said interview they worked for 3-7 hours a day. It appears that in a 3 out of 12 child laborers, they had experience abused by their own family members. It clarify th at all of them are living with their parents. Also, almost all of them are giving their earnings to their parents or guardians and the others for themselves or for their offering. It states that all of the child laborers are still tudying. It had been pointed that almost all the child laborers doesn’t have any other job beside their present. Their allowances are ranging from Php 500, which is the highest, and Php 40, which is the least. Child laborers also answer that they want to continue their studies for them to have a better life. After the interview, we concluded that child laborers are working not only from themselves but also to help their family expenses. Moreover, it is obvious that if a child has less hours in school and greater hour for free time they are more attainable to be engaged in work. B. Parents We, the researchers, conducted an interview to 4 parents, which their child is engaged to work activities. We asked the parents why their children are working and the result is because their child wanted to help them for their expenses. According to the parents, their child works approximately 8 hours, which is the highest, and 3 hours, which is least. All of the parents answered that it is advantage for the child to work because they lessen the expenses at home. We concluded that parent agreed to their child to work because they help their family. It also helps their child to be matured like Maria Paz D. Gutierrez, a parent of a child laborer, said,† Natuto siya sa buhay at magpahalaga sa pera. † C. Government officials We, the researchers, conducted an interview to some government official; who are Exxon Susmerano, a social worker from DSWD (Department of Social Worker and Development) and Armando Ray Fajardo, a kagawad from barangay Kamuning. According to Armando Ray Fajardo,† Here in on our barangay we set feeding programs to those that don’t have money to buy food. Another is setting seminars to both the children and the parent so that they would gain more knowledges about the issue of child labor. Government officials also not help the child labor victims but also they teach the parent s and children to be aware in child labor. It also said that in some hidden places they had found some cases of child labor. Children are commonly seen as a child prostitute in some KTV bar in Kamuning. It is also said that DOLE has the list of the specific cases regarding to child labor. The interview pointed that child labor victims will have a bad negative for them, they will be matured-minded and they will not enjoy their childhood and they will begin to love their job. They also state that the one who caught employing children will be unished by law based on their crimes they committed. Interviewee also said that there are laws that are concerned to child labor. RI 9262, RA 7610, RA 7658, RA 9231, RA 9208 and RA 9775 are one of the few laws regarding to child labor. We concluded that Government officials help participates to decrease the child labor in our country. Also, they make laws that help children, but for us it is by act to know and not to words if a person wants to help the victims. ———————– [1] Weston Englstad, Hoover Elementary School of Iowa City, iowa [2] Zoe Grueskin, Hoower Elementary School of Iowa City, Iowa

Fanny Mendelssohn

Fanny Mendelssohn was one of the greatest female composers to have ever lived. She was born on November 14th, 1805 in Hamburg, Germany. Fanny was a romantic composer and, though only few were published in her life, she composed over 500 works including lieder and piano pieces (Stanton, 1984). Fanny was the oldest of four children and the sister of the well-known composer Felix Mendelssohn, with whom she was very close to (Estrella, 2011). Her grandfather was Moses Mendelssohn, a very popular philosopher of the time (Estrella, 2011). Fanny was extremely talented from childhood, but unfortunately was limited due to the negative attitudes toward women in musical professions of the time (Estrella, 2011). As a child, Fanny was trained on the piano by her mother. She once performed twenty four preludes from Johann Sebastian Bach’s â€Å"Well-tempered Clavier† from memory (Stanton, 1984). She was also influenced when she began to study under other composers. In 1816, Fanny began to compose with Marie Bigot in Paris. Later, in 1818, she went on to study composition under Carl Friedrich Zelter (Estrella, 2011). She wrote over 200 lieders, including the famous â€Å"Swan Song† (Estrella, 2011). She also wrote over 200 fugues, preludes, and sonatas. Later in her life, she began to write choral music, including the famous cantata â€Å"Oratorium nach den Bildern der Bibel† (Estrella, 2011). There are many interesting facts to be learned about Fanny as well. It is rumored that when Felix, her brother, played for Queen Victoria, the queen was very impressed. The Queen went on to say that her favorite was â€Å"Italien,† which Felix admitted was the work of Fanny (â€Å"Essentials of Music Composers†, 2011). Fanny was also extremely close to her brother, Felix. Felix idolized Fanny and would seek her out for musical advice and approval on his own compositions (FMH, 2009). In fact, when Fanny passed away in 1847, it is said that Felix later became depressed and passed away six months later (Estrella, 2011). In 1829, Fanny married Wilhelm Hensel, a successful artist and painter (Stanton, 1984). They had one son together, Sebastian, whom they named after Fanny’s favorite composer, Johann Sebastian Bach (Estrella, 2011). Fanny’s musical talent matched, if not surpassed that of her brother’s, but even if Fanny had wanted to pursue a career in music it would have been nearly impossible. Societal attitudes of the time prevented women from holding professions in music. Even her father discouraged her. In an 1820 letter to Fanny, he tells her that, while music could be a career for Felix, â€Å"for you it can and must only be an ornament, never the basis of your being and doing. FMH, 2009). † He encouraged her to take on the more â€Å"conventional† role of staying at home and bearing children. A year later, Fanny married Wilhelm Hensel. She did take on the acceptable role of women at the time, but still continued to compose over 400 more works (FMH, 2009). On May 1847, after rehearsing her brother’s cantata â€Å"Die erste Walpurgisnacht † for a performance, Fanny collapsed and passed away at the age of forty-one, due to a stroke. Fortunately, she lived long enough to experience changing attitudes towards women in musical professions, which aided in a number of her works having appeared in print, and thus allowed her to fulfill her goals of being seen as a serious composer (FMH, 2009). Since Fanny was one of the first female composers to ever have work published, she set a precedent for the emergence of women into a male-dominated profession (FMH, 2009). Much of Fanny’s work is unknown because most of her music was not published, but it is very apparent that Fanny Mendelssohn was and still is one of the most notable and talented female composers of all time.